https://youtube.com/watch?v=Y79iz3ufZbg
!historychads we should celebrate this !ifrickinglovescience achievement
!historychads we should celebrate this !ifrickinglovescience achievement
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That's an awfully strong claim when jus bellum considerations had been part of Catholic ethics since Augustine.
Strategic bombings were cruel and deadly to civilians, but not so dissimilar if compared to common elements of siege warfare of the time. And atomic bombings are objectively one of the less cruel and more effective of strategic bombing campaign by any metric beyond emotional.
IMO, most of opposition to Hiroshima stands from the fact that it is not judged as and part of ww2 in the context of ww2, but as the part of Cold War nuclear competition that was a constant fear for generations of people across the world. (a fear that probably shouldn't have been discarded as easily afterwards, modern lack of interest in stopping nuclear proliferation will have deadly consequences in our lifetimes)
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The bombs have been consistently condemned from the outset, even when 85%+ of Americans were in support. Bishop Sheen even did a number of sermons on it starting in the late 40s.
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TIL bishop something is speaking autoritarily for entirety of Catholic Church.
Regardless, if you want to argue an act of war is inherently amoral you need to argue either how the war could have been fought without it (whilst being less harmful), or how the war shouldn't have been thought in this case. If some act is necessary to efficiently wage war then refusing to do it is morally equal to allowing whatever evil was worth fighting a war in the first place to continue.
Arguing against atomic bombs alone fails the () part easily, as atomic bombs caused a small fraction of deaths (and property damage) strategic bombing campaign as a whole did, while achieving more than any individual raid (ending the war). And as I said in other comment here, bombs vs invasion is false distinction as bombs would have been used in any invasion anyway. Especially in its early 30kt form nuclear bombs are just weapon like any other, only thing worth discussing in terms of morality is deciding to use weapons against (mostly) civilian cities, be they thermite, phosphorus or plutonium.
Arguing over strategic bombing doctrine is more interesting, and it caused a lot of death and destruction for often little gain. But I'd argue at the time there was little other ways to wage war against Japan (Germany) in a manner speedy enough to limit the harm they were doing to China (Eastern Europe). And since the harm they were doing was great indeed, then measures necessary to stop them where indeed, Necessary Evil.
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I honestly know nothing about what the catholic position on war is, but regardless of that, let's take a look at Germany and Japan of the time.
These countries were genocidal warmongering dictatorships, it is no surprise they weren't treated with kid's gloves.
Even the strategic bombing over Germany was no match to what the nazis did to Poland of the atrocities they committed in the Eastern Front. If any of the axis countries had had access to nukes they wouldn't twice about using them.
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"He did worse things" isn't a moral argument though. By that logic we should be shooting any murderer on sight even if they surrender to police and offer no resistance.
The question is whether the price was worth the military gain, or whether there was a less disagreeable way to achieve it.
And in some ways strategic bombing fails both tests, as it was still a novel way of war that was ill understood. Hence for example campaign against synthetic fuel wasn't waged until 1945, battle of the Ruhr was abandoned instead of largely ineffective bombings of Berlin etc. But then again, if we judged every war based on how we know after about how it should have been fought then all leaders anywhere and anytime fall short.
So I'm just happy we have developed precision weapons and accurate recon that lets us wage air campaigns of much greater military impact, with less than a % of civilian cost. At least when you're a western power.
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Yes, I agree it's not a moral argument. But generals and officers are human beings, prone to human errors and biases. If a country is brutalized, don't expect its inhabitants will make rational moral decisions.
Take the strategic bombing of Berlin by the RAF (diverging from the Ruhr campaign), it wasn't rational, but it was an intrinsically human decision made by people without hindsight. London was bombed by the Luftwaffe so the Germans should suffer the same, that was the general sentiment in Britain.
War is incredibly messy and brings up the worst in people, in the case of WW2 the best course of action was to defeat the Axis at any cost because their goals were unarguably evil. I'll not pass moral judgements on those generals and political leaders who were forced to deal with that awful situation.
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I'm just doing my normal thing (Catholic fun fact posting about a monastery and Saint ) and you and @BushWasRight decided to be all serious about war. He is correct that the traditional "just war" doctrine dates back to Augustine who I think nicked it from a Roman.
Ecumenical councils are the highest authority in Tradition, and Vatican II did not mince words in condemning the bombs. Obviously the decision at the time and the postwar culture influence these things in how we view them, but Gaudium et Spes sections 80-82 are the newest entry in Catholic teaching on the subject. It's too long to quote but would only take a minute to read.
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Sometimes I forget most of your arguments and posts are of ecclesiastical nature.
By the way, I have some LATAM church related news for you. The commie sandinista dictator and Maduro ally, Daniel Ortega is imprisoning priests again (he did a Church crackdown a few years ago) while launching new attacks against the church for not submitting to his rule.
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!Catholics check out Gaudium et Spes sections 79-82 for the authoritative and binding positions on war, the nuclear bombs, and the arms race.
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The relevant counterfactuals to consider would be if they'd further pursued peace negotiations prior to an invasion/bombing campaign, and there were people involved advocating for it at the time.
I was bringing up the historical position of Church leaders in America (one of condemnation) but here are some quotes from the Popes since WW2:
But since Pope Francis is famously "not based" here's Pius XII:
and here's the Catechism:
Are you seriously arguing that the Church has ever been in favor or unclear on a position regarding the use of the atom bombs? !Catholics since I'm talking to three of you now lol
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Too late for me to look up whole quote, but it sounds to be in context of full nuclear war ie ww3 and not ww2 ("would"). And in this way modern nuclear doctrine kinda agrees with him, as its build under the assumption that not having your cities nuked is infinitely more valuable than nuking someone else's cities. Thus nukes are used to strike other nukes to prevent them from nuking you. And static silos become "shields" by presenting a target so valuable to your enemy that they would be hit instead of something else. And it is a terrifying game where the only real winning strategy is not to play. And conveniently, this is the strategy we had taken ever since. Although nuclear proliferation, made more and more inevitable by lack of interest in stopping it, puts very worrying risks to this.
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I think the main claim is the view of the atomic bomb as an indiscriminate weapon versus a "directed" strategic bombing campaign on key military industries of an enemy i.e. bombing Dresden to knock its rail lines out of existence versus bombing Hiroshima to knock it out of existence. Of course, when you then consider something like the firebombing of Tokyo the issue turns into one of its total "success" versus one of the actions itself i.e. assuming all bombs that hit Tokyo are always successful in doing the most damage individually you'll get a wiped out Tokyo much the same.
Of course again, this all falls under the very idea of a strategic bombing campaign in the first place, in whether it was successful and to what degree in the first place.
For Hiroshima and Nagasaki while I don't think they've ever been condemned due to the fact that even in popular culture they're viewed, quite frankly, as terror bombings (surrender as you can see what weapons we have at our disposal) I think it's hard to support them without resorting to some sort of lesser of two evils as even the smallest terror weapon no matter how small is condemned by the catechism.
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I mean, if you're gonna follow everything the Church says and teaches by the book you might as well have surrendered and yielded to the Japs and the Nazis. Turning the other cheek doesn't win wars, historically the Church understood this very well.
Hiroshima was selected because it was one of the few intact urban centres and the purpose of the bombing was to cause a psychological to force surrender. It took hundreds of b-29s throwing thousands of tons of explosives to wreck Tokyo, now a single one could do the job.
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You do this a lot man where you have a point and you don't read what you're responding to instead trying to force the point. Though I guess this is a more Reddit argument thing that rDrama inherited than you in particular.
This is literally the definition of terror bombing. You wrote an extra paragraph relating what terror bombing is after I already "dealt with it" so to speak. As I said you can result to lesser evilism very easily by pointing out the bombings of Tokyo were worse/the same and an invasion would be even worse but it's still lesser evilism.
And this is blatantly not true. @Corinthian and @BushWasRight are sperging about Just War elsewhere in the thread.
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I don't believe @nuclearshill cares about moral arguments in general, I think (?) he's a consequentialist and his mind's made up that the only options were bomb civilian centers or invade (in fairness, that is how it's presented in most books/discussions).
If you accept that peace negotiations could have happened or that bombing a different location could have yielded the same results it's hard to justify which is why most Americans refuse to entertain the idea.
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Peace negotiations implied a conditional surrender. The Japanese didn't want solely to preserve the monarchy, they wanted to preserve their government as it was. And most of the Japanese high command wanted to keep at least Korea and Formosa, these weren't acceptable terms. Even if the US didn't abolish the monarchy out of pragmatism they wrote Japan's new constitution and effectively putted an end to Japanese imperialism making Japan a democracy. Germany was given an armistice in 1918 and the end result was bad, that's why the allies were so focused on demanding unconditional surrender.
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Is that really your takeaway from WW1 and how we got to WW2?
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To be fair I don't either.
Interesting idea. Like bomb the middle of nowhere and show what could be done to your cities if we wanted?
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Or a location directly outside of a major city as a similar show of force/terror, or a location of greater military significance rather than a civilian population, etc.
Why wouldn't that have been an option? We only had two bombs and were dead set on maximizing them? I feel as though our kneejerk justification of Allied war practices is rooted more in tribalism than in consistent moral principles. I have no love lost for Nips/Nazis and am not an integralist (fascist) or whatever.
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It wouldn't have worked because the allies main objective was regime change in both Germany and Japan. After 1943 they wouldn't accept anything but unconditional surrender and the Japanese High Command never offered reasonable terms anyways (they wanted to preserve the Meiji constitution and dominions like Korea and Formosa).
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Usually I don't read long comments entirely unless they're @kaamrev comments, especially when there are many of them as in this thread.
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Why?
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In addition to this operation downfall had an estimated death toll 10 or more times the death toll of the bombs
A bombs
Unironically the least deadly option for both military and civilians
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Or if those numbers sound too low, we could ask Gen. MacArthur's opinion:
https://sci-hub.se/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00963402.1986.11459388
!historychads @BushWasRight
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Counterpoint, nuking the Japs was based
But now seriously, 100k japanese troops died in Okinawa alone, and the reconquest of the Philippines took the lives of 420k japs.
No way a full invasion of Japan would have ended with just 100k casualties for Japan and a few dozen thousands for the US. Even during Operation Overlord the US suffered 120k casualties.
Also, your link doesn't work.
!historychads
https://www.history.navy.mil/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-057/h-057-1.html
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https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00963402.1986.11459388 plug into sci-hub.se which I think you know but some might not !historychads
But I'm glad that you're enthusiastic about knowing better than the actual generals, and it's definitely "based" that Truman ignored Secretary of War Stimson's recommendations to offer the Emperor immunity from war crime trials prior to Potsdam only to... turn around and offer the same provision after killing a few hundred thousand civilians and leaving relevant military industrial infrastructure intact in the process.
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https://www.history.navy.mil/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-057/h-057-1.html
Here, from the Navy history and heritage command.
None of the estimates you posted about operation Downfall correspond to what the army and navy estimated at the time.
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Are you planning another thread on this? Pulling up the original documents is gonna take a bit but I'm not just pulling numbers out of nowhere and I'd hope the journal article wasn't either.
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I never said you were making shit up. But McArthur's estimates were not the final ones made by the War Department and they're not fully authoritative either as @BushWasRight said. If you read about the World Wars you'll see that generals always underestimated potential casualties.
Truman didn't have the benefit of hindsight to risk hundreds of thousands of American troops. If the invasion became like Okinawa but on a large scale it would have been a terrible bloodbath and the Invasion of Normandy was the closest comparison point the Army could use. Plus more people died during the firebombing of Tokyo in march 1945 than on Hiroshima.
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I can't imagine not upcarping someone who took the time to respond to you. It should be a bannable offense.
Why isn't there an upcarp emoji
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OTOH it does make all of @nuclearshill's political views transparent in a way even many of our users manage to avoid
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All right then
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Did macarthur make those predictions knowing just how many japanese civilians were ready to die for their emperor? A land conquest from the shore to the capital would've claimd hundreds of thousands of (japanese) civilian lives guaranteed.
Maybe america would've only lost ten thousand men but surely Japan would've lost more than the 150k they lost to the atomic bombs.
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Taking one generals opinion over others as authoritative source isn't a strong argument. Especially when we know many things in hindsight they didn't.
There are many reasons to assume invasion would have been bloody.
It was naval invasion on a scale larger than D day, without a friendly island 30 miles away riddled with air fields to support it from.
Kyushu has a hilly terrain that aids defenders, doubly in hiding airplanes and like. On this topic, kamikaze attacks are essentially guided bombs in an era of dumb bombs, a normal bomber has a ~15% chance of hitting a ship and kamikaze has more than 90%+ chance. Which is worrying when you have to ferry relatively slow troop transports full of soldiers across an ocean.
D day benefited from effective allied deception, with more troops tied around Calais to defend against phantom invasion than fighting in Normandy. Attempts at same deception failed in Japan, Japanese army leaders knew Kyushu is an obvious target and deployed troops accordingly.
On the other hand, apart from kamikaze tactics Japanese were less well equipped than German army.
Ultimately it falls down to the question of Japanese morale, which was impossible to argue for sure then and is impossible to argue now. The Japanese fought savagely and to the last soldier (and civilian) on multiple occasions, but at the same time there situation would have been more desperate. It is possible invasion would have been less bloody than predicted, but it could also have been way worse. And thank God we never found out.
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OUT!
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That's U.S. casualties not japanese. A field general does not want to play up the death toll of his troops it's actively against their interests to do so.
The issue is that many more Japanese would die. They were prepping to send civies with spears against a modern military force. In addition to starvation, exposure, disease, and additional bombing campaigns that would come with a ground invasions.
The idea that a ground invasion would result in less death is asinine
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The numbers he posted are not the Army's estimates for the ground invasion.
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I know but I was making a point that even if you take that low estimate as the U.S. causality rate that it would still result in more death than the bombs themselves
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Okinawa and Iwo Jimma gave a display of how brutal a ground invasion of the Main Islands would have been, especially for the Japanese.
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Still a misleading comparison since Downfall plans involved nuclear bombs as soon as its planners were informed nuclear bombs exist.
Fair comparison is between using nukes and starving Japan into surrender, or abandoning war without a victory. Or between strategic bombing campaign at large and letting Japan wage war on China with more or less impunity (and same for Germany and USSR)
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Literally was never an option
Again resulting in a death toll of millions/tens of millions
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The average person knows nothing about fission/fusion/nuclear energy in general, that's why you have redditoids who oppose Thorium reactors because they're scared they'll go boom. Like literally explode.
But yes, in general terms, letting unstable (Pakistan) obtain (or retain, in the case of Russia) Nuclear weapons is a recipe for disaster.
Israel may prove to be a disaster, but idk, lsince I think the Ay-rabs know better, but have proven to be r-slurred in the past. And I fully believe that Israel should also know better but will screw everyone else in the world over if their back is pushed against the wall.
If anything, just making Pakiland clamp down on Abdul Khan would have stopped like 90% of the proliferation
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I wish Brazil had developed nukes back in the 60s and 70s while it still could
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Paraguay would finally get what's coming to them
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No need, they're our most valuable colony/protectorate right now (I mean that unironically).
Caracas is a better target.
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why are you frickers making me get a Visa to vacay now?
We'll launch a retaliatory nuke
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