Pete Hegseth kicked off his day in Germany training with the elite Green Berets of 1/10 SFG, one of the U.S. Army’s most formidable Special Forces units.

Never seen a US Secrtary of defense do this before . pic.twitter.com/I6OMMSU7tx

— Open Source Intel (@Osint613) February 11, 2025

They should be more fat and black like SECDEF Austin and go out of commission for a week without telling anyone because they can't take care of their body.

Too soon, manul. Very troubling.

article with video on news site

https://www.westernjournal.com/video-raging-trump-hater-mark-hamills-pants-fell-live-tv-isnt-joke/

There is nobody that will give more credit to Elon Musk's involvement in the technology of his companies than his biggest detractors. Nertea, a prominent KSP modder just deleted all SpaceX parts in his mods and from the way he words it, you'd think Elon personally designed it lol pic.twitter.com/HoHtwNZVeu

— SpaceBasedFox (@SpaceBasedFox) February 12, 2025

I'm not a big starshit fan but this show is extremely kino. There's like two Chernobyl level monologues and the whole thing kicks off because the main character shoots two cops in the face for shaking him down and runs.

It's also written by Tony Gilroy and some other talent who worked on house of cards and stuff. There's a ton of pedigree behind it.

Not a fan of the music for this though. Hopefully they don't sell out to the extremely wingcucked part of the fanbase.

@Vegeta !gonks

Anyone pointing out that it's factually wrong, and the average r-slur won't get it anyway, is downmarseyd lol.

/r/neoliberal is just /r/politics lite

Client confessed love for me and then ended their life

Tragic, tragic, heartbreaking loss. Won't go into any details to protect client privacy, but it's hard to swallow. Would be so grateful for any resources, groups, or advice as I grieve.

I've canceled most of my sessions for the week, but have kept a few. My backlogged notes for other clients are creating some anxiety. What a rollercoaster.

The most captivating client I've worked with to date, and they continue to be so even in their death. Grateful to have known them.

Update: Unbelievably thankful for the outpouring of support. It's been incredibly helpful to read and utilize ❤️ Very unfortunately I just got news of a second client passing. Two in the same week. This one was not by suicide.

Edit:

Erotic Countertransference

Looking for personal experiences navigating romantic/erotic countertransference (especially that in response to erotic transference)... I'm seeking supervision and being mindful about how I'm showing up with this client, but I'd love if anyone would be open to sharing more about their own experiences with this, and what the ultimate outcome was for you. Interestingly, this client has expressed their own attraction to me, and we're working through it/making use of it in our work together. They are not aware of my feelings beyond the genuine care I have for them. My framework leans relational psychodynamic for reference.

Most Based Comments

Basedness: 🔥🔥🔥🔘🔘

Good policy. Poor leadership. (-5)

Basedness: 🔥🔥🔥🔘🔘

May he enjoy the rest of his life with his family. (51)

Hunter had no reason to be paid millions of dollars working for Ukrainian and Chinese energy companies, only reason was due to daddy's last name. Don't know why the left protects these corrupt politicians making millions being public servants. You only pardon people who have committed crimes... (-9)

Basedness: 🔥🔥🔘🔘🔘

The deficit got better, stock market recovered, inflation reduced and unemployment fell (15)

Inflation reduced???? Huh??? (-5)

Angriest Comments

Angriness: 😡😡😡😡😡

Biden gets a bad rap, and while some criticism directed at his administration is warranted, especially when it comes to his admin's communication problems and some policies that were a bit out of touch with liberal voters, Biden achieved some things while in office, while the benefits won't be felt for years to come. (See my reply for more information)I mean, my biggest criticism of Biden was his decision to run for a second term, this put Democrats in a tough spot, and this decision, in no small part, contributed to a Trump victory.I want to recognize however, that not only was Biden stuck between a rock and a hard place when he first stepped foot into office, and thanks in part to the failures of the previous administration, as well as the economic and political fallout from the pandemic, but over the past 4 years, a portion of the American electorate have been far more concerned about their immediate circumstances than any messaging emphasizing some of Biden's successes and/or Tr... (9)

Angriness: 😡😡😡😡😡

Biden's team was solid enough. I think they were heading a correct direction for if they wanted to maintain the Neoliberal project. Waaaay too little ten years too late. And some of their calls were just... very typically center-stupid. But overall? They did a decent job considering that...... Joe Biden is irredeemably stupid and awful. And should go frick himself. He spent over a year giving Israel a free pass to do genocide and doing virtually nothing to stop it. And you can tell it was his call because every leak from the administration told that people were trying so hard to make a ceasefire. But the weak link was Joe "You don't have to be a Jew to be a Zionist" Biden.And the election. What a selfish, awful decision. He just handed our nation's future over to NrX-types and Pseudo-Falangists because he couldn't stomach being a one term president. Because of one stupid old man, we are headed towards mid-century climate and humanitarian disaster irrevisibly. The repub... (0)

Angriness: 😡😡😡😡😡

Weak and feckless, mostly. Made the disastrous decision to appoint a gutless coward as Attorney General right off the bat, then when Trump started to rise again he, as the leader of his party, failed to organize a response. Then he backed down from a direct conflict with Netanyahu as he butchered Gazans in front of every TV screen in the world, meekly offering up "stern warnings" when he had much more powerful cowtools at his disposal.And most darning of all, his towering arrogance to run for a second term at his age because he believed he was the only person who could doomed the country to a full fascist takeover, leading to what will likely be a lot of terror, suffering, and death for Americans and everyone else.Ultimately, he failed to recognize that politics had fundamentally changed since the 80s, and tried to play by Marquess of Queensbury rules when his opponent was carrying a knife. His failure is complete and total, because anything he accomplished during his term is going to ... (1)

Biggest Lolcow: /u/jondo81

Score: 🐮🐮🐮🐮🐮(+0🐮)

Number of comments: 8

Average angriness: 🔘🔘🔘🔘🔘

Maximum angriness: 😡😡😡🔘🔘

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NEW: Subscribe to /h/miners to see untapped drama veins, ripe for mining!

autodrama: automating away the jobs of dramneurodivergents. Ping HeyMoon if there are any problems or you have a suggestion

!friendsofspiderman

Who should I ban next. Should I ban award @sandkwinn more? She said something mean to my girlfriend. I hate her. I hate Sandkwinn.

Ignore the top comments, they're boring and long. Keep scrolling for the chorus of "black Americans have been moving back to Africa whenever possible for a long time" and the endless insistence that South Africa is great (besides the white oppression of blacks) (cc: @kaamrev).

https://old.reddit.com/r/AmerExit/comments/1gpk6a0/comment/lwrmtgt/?context=8

I enjoyed this burning question a lot. Africa says trans rights! 🏳️‍⚧️

Here we have a drawn out conversation culminating in the winner eventually pointing out that pre-colonialism, Africa was all about gay rights and men who have s*x with men:

https://old.reddit.com/r/AmerExit/comments/1gpk6a0/comment/lwshvx1/?context=8

The British, specifically, per something called "Boy Wives and Female Husbands" published by a New York university:

This is questioned but quickly downmarseyd to invisibility.

Anyway let's get back to moving to Africa to avoid dRumpfler's reign of terror:

There's some nice circlejerking under this one about whites fearing Africa because they may get a taste of their own medicine

https://old.reddit.com/r/AmerExit/comments/1gpk6a0/comment/lwrtz89/?context=8

More saffer worship. Move to Johannesburg, it's safe and lovely and filled with fleeing Americans!

https://old.reddit.com/r/AmerExit/comments/1gpk6a0/comment/lwsm4tx/?context=8

https://old.reddit.com/r/AmerExit/comments/1gpk6a0/comment/lwshalm/?context=8

Watch Netflix to prepare for your move from Brooklyn to Nairobi and you're all set

https://old.reddit.com/r/AmerExit/comments/1gpk6a0/comment/lwru410/?context=8

South Africa is great! It's the most dangerous country I've ever been to, but it's great

https://old.reddit.com/r/AmerExit/comments/1gpk6a0/comment/lwrp1er/?context=8

They go on for awhile here again discussing how South Africa is a bourgeoisie white supremacist hellscape for the blacks -

https://old.reddit.com/r/AmerExit/comments/1gpk6a0/comment/lwrry9q/?context=8

https://old.reddit.com/r/AmerExit/comments/1gpk6a0/comment/lwsfxtj/?context=8

Aaaaaa there's even more of this :marseyanalsexrentfree:

A suicidal and broke New Zealand woman, age 49, who posts heavily in /r/adulting wants to tell Americans that they don't DESERVE Africa:

https://old.reddit.com/r/AmerExit/comments/1gpk6a0/comment/lws7thx/?context=8

In closing, Africa is just like the US: some places you'll die if you even think about going, some you won't definitely die but you might -

https://old.reddit.com/r/AmerExit/comments/1gpk6a0/comment/lwsj9n8/?context=8

Thanks for coming to my thread

Judge in southern Illinois finds FOID unconstitutional as applied and facially as well as the fee for it pic.twitter.com/9kfCftdft0

— @Freedom'ssteel (@FreedomSsteel) February 10, 2025

In this history themed /h/marsey post, we'll take a tour through Egyptian history with the help of some relevant Capys. Cos Aevann's from Egypt geddit?

You gotta be an Egypt person to know Egypt. You can't just dabble in it. Most of my knowledge comes from this:

-- @Redactor0

This is very true lol so this post won't be anything more than a brief overview. The main point is that I thought it'd be fun to make some history themed Capys and use them to -ify Egyptian history. Hopefully someone gets a kick out of this.

People have lived within the boundaries of modern Egypt for at least a million years, with the earliest known cowtools dating back over 400,000 years and the earliest habitation sites around 100,000 years. Egypt served as something of a bridge for people crossing from Africa into Asia and vice versa, and many otherwise unrelated cultures would call part of it home throughout the long prehistoric period

Regarding the early history of Egypt, if not that of all mankind, it's important to note that the Sahara was not always a hot desert as it is now. The region is believed to go through wet and dry periods over time and was at least once an extension of central Africa's grasslands and savannas. Nomadic peoples of the Late Paleolithic and Mesolithic could easily spread across Egypt without the difficulty of desert nomadism and the lands supported many lifestyles. Some cultures lived as hunter-gatherers while others herded grazing animals. Many passed in and out of Egypt without settling

Several of Egypt's early agricultural cultures appeared along the Nile river and developed simple farming there. They lived on wild grains and endeavored to care for them, but did not necessarily plant the seeds in organized rows. The Qadan culture lived along the Nile for as long as 4,000 years and were notable for independently inventing sickles and grinding stones However, these cowtools disappear after the culture fell and the people were replaced by hunters and fishers. Something to glean from this ancient history is that in Egypt and perhaps other places, humanity did not necessarily progress linearly from hunter-gathering to agricultural city building. Different lifestyles "took turns" before the Agricultural Revolution truly set in.

(This was supposed to be something like "capymegalith" but grew to become sidebar worthy lol)

Other early cultures actually lived in what is now the desert, surviving off oases and river channels that no longer exist. One noteworthy site, Nabta Playa, was built around what was once a drainage basin as far back as 7500 BC. The area was inhabited into the 4th Millennium BC and gave rise to several stone structures, including what may have been one of the oldest archeoastronomical formations in the world as pictured above. Countless other megalithic structures to be found in the sand seas of the modern Sahara suggest how widespread fertile land in the region used to be.

Another relevant culture, the Harifian, are believed by some academics to have migrated out of Egypt and into the Levant where they merged with the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B culture. Some further believe they may have represented the original people to spread the Proto-Semitic language to the Middle East. Like the Indo-European languages, the Semitic family spread across a vast area and included East African and Canaanite languages alongside Egypt's modern tongue Arabic. Ancient Egyptian itself though is not Semitic in origin, a fact that further alludes to the variety of independent cultures that lived in the area.

The civilization we all know as ancient Egypt arguably owes its existence to the nature of the Sahara. As the desert grew and the surrounding lands became inhospitable, the peoples of Egypt were forced to either leave or retreat to the Nile and live as sedentary farmers. They built cities along the river valley, delta, and remaining oases and learned to use the river's seasonal flooding to water their crops. Sometimes referred to as the Proto-Dynastic or Dynasty Zero, this late Neolithic era birthed the modern Egyptian populace and identity. The people here spoke Egyptian, wrote in early hieroglyphics, worshipped the beginnings of Egypt's recognizable pantheon, and may have even practiced marsey veneration This is also the latest period where the Egyptians developed their beer making -- a five thousand year old beer brewery was discovered in 2021, and the scale of the operation suggests regular beer brewing was well established by then.

According to mythology, the lands of Egypt were divided between the Upper and Lower Nile before being unified by the mythical King Menes, now believed by some historians to have been the same person as Upper Egyptian King Narmer. The pictured dual crown of Upper and Lower Egypt would become a symbol of the Pharaohs from then on.

Egypt's unity lead to the Dynastic Period, a gulf of time stretching thirty-three Pharaonic dynasties from Egypt's Old Kingdom to the end of the Greek Ptolemaic.

Egypt's Old Kingdom is more or less what people often picture when they think of ancient Egypt This era saw the construction of many of Egypt's famous monuments including the pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx The tourism it spawned helps to keep the economy going even thousands of years later.

The Old Kingdom gradually declined into anarchy and decentralization, the First Intermediate Period. Unity was restored by the Middle Kingdom, lasting from c. 2050 BC to c. 1650 BC. Middle Kingdom Pharaohs built their pyramids out of mud bricks instead of masonry with casings of limestone, so few of these pyramids have survived into the present. Statues became more and more common in this time, with the block statue design remaining popular well into Greek times.

As the Middle Kingdom declined into the Second Intermediate Period, classical Egyptian records claim the land was conquered by the Hyksos, the word itself coming from the Egyptian term for outsiders. A Semetic speaking people from the Levant, they are traditionally credited with introducing the chariot to the Egyptian people.

Egypt's New Kingdom began under the Eighteenth Dynasty when the Hyksos were driven entirely from the land, lasting from c. 1550 BC to c. 1069 BC. This dynasty included several notable Pharaohs. Akhenaten was infamous for trying to do away with Egypt's pantheon and force the worship of a sun god Aten Some historians even credit him with establishing the oldest known monotheistic religion. His (probable) son Tutankhamun only lived to twenty years of age, but would retroactively become perhaps the most famous Pharaoh of all when his tomb was discovered in 1922. "King Tut's" tomb was unusually well preserved because the entrance had been buried and flooded over, whereas other Pharaonic tombs were robbed of their burial offerings long ago. On that note, New Kingdom Pharaohs didn't use pyramids as cemeteries and hid their tombs in sites like the Valley of Kings

Ramses II, also known as Ramses the Great and Ozymandias, conquered much of the Levant, fathered between 80-100 children, and lived to be over 90 He is famous for fighting the Anatolia based Hittite Empire at the Battle of Kadesh, the first recorded battle where extensive details of tactics and formations are known and also the largest chariot battle with thousands of the things deployed at once. Its aftermath also led to the first known peace treaty between nations, and a copy of it hangs today on the wall of the United Nations headquarters.

The Egyptian New Kingdom was subjected to the 12th century BC Bronze Age Collapse, an event caused completely and entirely by the Sea Peoples no really just ask Redactor As opposed to the Hittites or Mycenaeans, Egyptian civilization survived the period but came under the influence of foreign powers once more -- the Third Intermediate Period. Libyan rulers controlled much of the country through the Twenty-Third dynasty, and the Twenty-Fifth dynasty was ruled by Nubians

Nubia was a civilization in modern Sudan that was tied to Egypt's early history and influenced by Egyptian culture. From 754 to 656 BC the Nubian Kingdom of Kush ruled over Egypt as the "Black Pharaohs". They represent the kernel of truth at the center of Hotep ideology

The Kushites were driven out by the Neo-Assyrian Empire's conquest, and Assyria ruled Egypt until its own collapse. The Egyptians had about a hundred years of independence as a break before Persian conquest in 525 BC. Egypt rebelled against Persia in 404 BC but was finally subjugated in 343 BC. Nectanebo II has the distinction of being the very last native Pharaoh of Egypt, as his defeat led to a second period of Persian rule.

Achaemenid Persia controlled Egypt until it was seized by Alexander the Great in 332 BC Upon his death the short lived Macedonian Empire was split between his generals, and Ptolemy established a kingdom that would stand until the days of Augustus Caesar.

Ptolemaic Egypt, the "thirty-third" Dynasty, would also be the last. The Ptolemaic rulers respected the culture and religion of the Egyptians and had themselves seen as Pharaohs. Much art of them was produced in the Egyptian style.

But it's important to note they were Greeks ruling over a conquered people and kept all the important postings in Hellenic hands. The Ptolemaic monarchy produced Cleopatra VII (the famous one) and though there is much pop-history discussion about her racial heritage she was fundamentally Greek. In fact Cleopatra was the only Ptolemaic Pharaoh that ever bothered to even learn the Egyptian language.

In 205 BC, the Egyptian priest Horwennefer led a rebellion against the Ptolemies that wasn't defeated until 185 BC. The remains of a stele made to commemorate the Greek victory would eventually become the Rosetta Stone (But more on that later )

The last Pharaoh and another of the most famous, Cleopatra is most known for her involvement in Roman whatnot and her alliance with Mark Antony led to the conquest of Egypt in 30 BC by the army of his rival Octavian. Though not the first foreigners to rule Egypt, the Romans did not continue the ancient Pharaonic tradition and simply made Egypt into a province of their new empire.

All in all, Egypt's dynastic period is considered to have lasted from c. 3100 BC almost to the first millennium AD. The divisions of dynasties (originally thirty) come from the Aegyptaiaca, a history of Egypt written by the Ptolemaic era priest Manetho, and are still used by Egyptologists today. The last three dynasties were coined later in reference to the second Persian Satrapy, Alexander himself, and the Ptolemaic Greeks.

Egypt remained under Roman rule until the 7th century. It was a major breadbasket province for the empire and among the wealthiest and most populous. It also became one of Rome's first imperial provinces, those controlled by governors appointed by the Emperor rather than the Senate, and was notable for being ruled by an Equestrian governor. The Equestrians were the second of Rome's property based classes (the plebeians and patricians being hereditary classes) and ranked below the Senatorial. To prevent any influential Romans from using Egypt as a power base like Antony, Augustus Caesar allowed only Equestrians to hold the position because they were considered the "lowliest" of Rome's aristocracy. This made Praefectus Aegypti the highest rank an Equestrian could achieve in the early empire.

Christianity eventually spread to Egypt and took hold there until Islamic rule. Alexandria would become a Pentarchy city and also saw the Arian controversy, the first great schism within the Church that produced the breakaway sect of Arianism The tradition of Christian hermits and monasteries actually began in Egypt and spread to Europe from there. The Coptic language also developed during this period and would remain Egypt's common language until at least the 10th century AD. It produced the still extent Coptic Orthodox Church, based on the Coptic Rite rather than a Latin one.

From 618-628 AD Egypt was briefly ruled by Sasanian Persia before Eastern Roman control was reestablished. The near constant warfare at the time between Byzantium and Persia weakened both empires and enabled the very rapid conquests of the Arabian Rashidun Caliphate, the first ever of the great Muslim powers and the empire that ushered Egypt into the contemporary Islamic period. The conquest of Egypt from the Romans was complete by 642 and the lands of the Nile would remain under Arabian Caliphate rule as the centuries went by and as power transferred to the Umayyads, then the Abbasids. Muslim rule had the obvious effect of converting Egypt to Islam, though it was not until about the 9th century that it became more common than Coptic Christianity amongst the common populace.

Also by the 9th century, the power of the Abbasids had declined enough to allow further flung regions of the newly Islamic world to assert regional independence. Originally a Turk brought into Abbasid service as a Mamluk, Ahmad ibn Tulun was sent to Egypt as resident governor in 868 but quickly took advantage of the climate to assert independence and cease payment of tribute. The "Tulunid Emirate" represented the first period of Egyptian independence since the days of Cleopatra and would help to establish the idea of Egyptian nationalism in the face of a previously imperial Muslim world. It came to an end with the Abbasid reconquest in 905, but the Caliphate's direct power was still weak and Egypt was somewhat autonomous under their tributary Ikhshidid dynasty of Mamluk governors.

The next power to rule Egypt was the Fatimid Caliphate, an Isma'ili Shia polity that originally emerged from Tunisia. The Fatimids conquered Egypt in 969 and gradually made it their center of power. They were the ones to establish the modern city of Cairo, proudly setting it up as a proper capital complete with palaces for the Caliph and the official state mosque. One notable Fatimid Caliph was Abu Ali al-Mansur, famous for establishing centers of learning and concluding peace with the Byzantines, but infamous for destroying the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and helping to provoke the Crusades

Fatimid power was weakened by conflict with the Seljuk Turks and then the "Franks" (Crusaders) who would capture virtually all of Fatimid territory in the Levant. Crusader leaders like Baldwin of Jerusalem and Amalric of Jerusalem would invade Egypt proper from time to time, damaging the coast and threatening the river delta.

One prominent Muslim commander of the post Second Crusade, Saladin, rose to be the vizier of the Caliphate and used his power to abolish the Fatimids outright in 1171. He took the title of Sultan in 1174 as the founder of the new Ayyubid Dynasty.

Though not born in Egypt and remembered as a leader for the Arab world in general, Saladin is another figure that has retroactively become a symbol of Egyptian nationalism. He was the first to be called Sultan of Egypt and is at least perceived as being a more "Egyptian" leader than the previous Fatimids. Egyptians (Sunnis) also note that he returned the land to Sunni Islam and did away with Fatimid Shia influence.

If nothing else, Saladin made the Egyptian eagle as originally depicted in Pharaonic era symbolism into his personal emblem. The Eagle of Saladin would in turn inspire Egypt's modern coat of arms.

A longstanding tradition of Muslim powers was the usage of slave soldiers called Mamluks. Originally captives from the Turkic peoples of Central Asia, later recruited from a variety of foreign cultures, Mamluks were converted to Islam if not already and made to fight in the armies of the Abbasid Caliphate. The practice continued and evolved over the centuries, with many Mamluks becoming commanders and governors for their masters and establishing hereditary lineages of their own.

Many other post-Caliphate states continued the practice into the early modern period, the Turks themselves making use of Mamluks after converting to Islam and establishing their own states in the Middle East. The Ottomans continued the tradition through the well known Janissary corps, referenced by this very site no less.

The Mamluks of Egypt evolved into something of a knightly caste, and in the wake of the Seventh Crusade they overthrew the Ayyubids entirely and established the "Mamluk Sultanate". The Mamluks defended Egypt and reclaimed territory in the Levant from the Mongols, at one point representing the only major Islamic power in the Middle East to not fall under Mongol domination Alas the Mamluk form of government was somewhat unstable and their intial Bahri Dynasty would go through 25 Sultans in less than 150 years, with the subsequent Burji Dynasty turbulent as well. The Mamluks also had the unfortunate distinction of seeing Egypt through the Black Death. The plague may have killed as much as 40% of Egypt's population and became a recurring problem for the cities of the Nile over a 150 year period.

As Mamluk power declined, Egypt was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517 and became the Eyalet of Egypt. Al-Mutawakkil III, last of the ceremonial Abbasid Caliphs (used to legitimize the rule of later Muslim rulers) was taken from Egypt to Turkey and anointed the Ottomans as the "Fourth Caliphate" from then on.

The conquest of the Mamluk Sultanate opened the way for further expansion in Africa and gave the Turks control of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. Egypt itself became a breadbasket province once more and produced a disproportionate amount of the empire's food. It also served as Turkey's hub for the transportation of Yemeni coffee and goods from trade routes to India.

Egypt's fortunes waxed and waned with the rise of fall of Turkish power. By the late 18th century the European empires had become stronger in comparison, and Britain was well underway in establishing interests in the area and the lucrative trade route to India.

While still an officer for the French Republic, Napoleon led an invasion of Egypt in 1798 and defeated the initial Ottoman force sent to stop him. Britain took the opportunity to intervene and stranded the French army after sinking their fleet. Napoleon abandoned the troops in 1802 and the French surrended.

The French actually had the romantic study of Egyptian history as a secondary objective of theirs and Napoleon himself established the Institut d'Égypte in Cairo. On July 15th, 1799, French soldiers discovered the famous Rosetta Stone while working on the defenses of Fort Julien to the northwest of Rashid (Rosetta) The stone was handed over to the British after the surrender and was sent to the British museum in London. Its discovery led to the field of Egyptology as it is today.

The significance of the Rosetta Stone is that it contains the same message written in three scripts, Egyptian in Hieroglyphics, Egyptian in Demotic, and Ancient Greek. Because Greek was known, the stone allowed scholars to finally figure out how to decipher Hieroglyphics, which is why the earliest Egyptian records can be understood. Otherwise ancient Egypt would be as mysterious as the Indus Valley Civilization, a comparable early civilization whose script remains untranslatable.

Napoleon's invasion permanently destabilized Ottoman power and left a vacuum that would be filled by an Albanian regiment commander Muhammad Ali. Originally part of the force sent to fight the French, Muhammad Ali of Egypt became the dominant figure in Egypt and was recognized as viceroy to the Sultan in 1805. He conquered much of Sudan of his own accord and campaigned for Turkey in Arabia and Greece, but in 1831 he abandoned all pretenses of subservience and went to war with the Sultan. His armies defeated the Ottomans in the Levant and southern Anatolia and threatened Constantinople itself. In line with their post-Napoleonic belief in the "balance of power", European nations were alarmed at the potential collapse of the empire and intervened diplomatically. Muhammad Ali ultimately agreed to peace in exchange for autonomous hereditary rule over Egypt, and his descendants became the royal family that would be recognized until 1952.

And yes, that means modern Egypt's arguable founding father was Albanian

It was also in this period that Egypt began growing its famed cotton as a cash crop industry. The Suez Canal, financed by the French Compagnie de Suez and originally opened under their control, was completed in 1869.

As the 19th century continued, Egypt fell into debt towards Europe it couldn't repay. A European commission led by Britain and France took control of the treasury of Egypt and forgave the debt in return for taking national control of the canal and establishing a permanent military presence. Increased hostility with the locals and Egypt's independent army led to a joint Anglo-French invasion in 1882. From then on Egypt became a de facto British protectorate, such that they ruled over the Suez and began building the Cape to Cairo Railway.

Though until 1914 it was technically still an Ottoman province.

When the First World War broke out in '14, the British made their control of Egypt official by establishing the Sultanate of Egypt, a puppet government without any remaining pretenses of Ottoman influence. Turkey's entry into the conflict as a Central Power led to the Sinai and Palestine Campaigns in early 1915. Ottoman forces opened the theatre with an ambitious raid on the Suez itself, but British forces had broken this offensive by 1916 and soon advanced into Palestine. This long campaign would eventually take the Allies as far north as Aleppo before the unconditional Turkish surrender

Though the Egyptian Sultanate itself was officially neutral throughout the war, tens of thousands of locals were made to serve within the Egyptian Labour Corps and Egyptian Camel Transport Corps

Egyptian resentment to British interference had only grown stronger after the hardships of the war, leading to the nationalist revolution of 1919. The riots and mass demonstrations finally led to Britain's official declaration of independence for Egypt in 1922, the new government taking form as the Kingdom of Egypt. However, Britain held on to many rights including security of communications, defense of Egypt, control of Egyptian foreign policy as well as full control of Sudan and the Suez. The world still considered Egypt an extension of Britain going into the Second World War

Following Italy's entry into the conflict in 1940, an Italian invasion of Egypt was beaten back by the British Western Desert Force in Operation Compass, an extended raid successful enough to send Italian troops scrambling back into Libya. The arrival of German reinforcements and reorganization of Axis forces under the Afrika Korps allowed a renewed offensive into Egypt that would be countered by the first and second Battles of El Alamein -- battles that would go down among the great Allied victories of 1942 alongside Stalingrad and Midway. British forces then pushed on while American forces landed in Morocco, leading to the final defeat of all Axis forces in Africa in May of 1943 During the war Egypt remained officially neutral but provided significant material support to the British. Egyptian troops also defended themselves from occasional Axis attacks and would suffer over a thousand killed and wounded.

Meanwhile, Egypt's yearnings for true independence continued to grow. The Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936 promised an end to British military presence beyond the Suez except in cases of foreign invasion of Egypt. With that invasion having happened and ended, Egyptians in the post-war period became more fervent than ever in demanding British withdrawal. In '42 there had also been the infamous Abdeen Palace Incident in which British troops surrounded Egyptian King Farouk in his home and forced him to accept a Wafd controlled government -- the Wafd being a political party and the British believing such a government would be more cooperative for the war effort. Lest he end up overthrown by the British as had happened to Iraq and Iran in the same period, King Farouk capitulated. This incident was seen by the Egyptian people as a national embarrassment and stirred them against the monarchy and existing political parties

In '48 the Egyptian army attacked Israel alongside other Arab powers and were repulsed everywhere beyond the Gaza Strip though an officer named Gamal Abdel Nasser made a name for himself by holding out until the armistice. The stresses of this war inflamed the situation at home as disgruntled army officers began to collaborate against the Kingdom.

In 1951 Egypt withdrew from the '36 treaty and began a Suez incident by cutting off water to the British base and refusing to allow any Egyptian workers to travel there. Egyptian police were seen aiding guerillas and a police station was leveled by British attack. In '52 King Farouk was overthrown and forced to abdicate the throne by the Free Officers Movement, a conspiracy against the Kingdom led by Mohamed Naguib and Nasser. Becoming Egypt's second president in '54 after Naguib, Nasser pressured the British more heavily than before and in '56 he kicked off the Suez Crisis by nationalizing the Canal. Egypt was invaded by the militaries of Britain, France, and Israel but ultimately ended the crisis in control of the canal, still administered today by the Suez Canal Authority established under Nasser. For all these reasons 1952 is considered as the year Egypt gained its true independence, and Nasser is seen as another founding father for the country. (At least that was the impression I got from a boomer cab driver in NYC )

Nasser was seen as a hero to the Arab world after standing against western powers, and in 1958 he attempted to put Pan-Arab nationalism into practice by forming the United Arab Republic with Syria. The government lasted only until '61, but Egypt continued to officially refer to itself as the UAR until becoming the modern Arab Republic of Egypt in '71. Another highlight of Nasser's administration was the Six Day War, a third (but not the last) conflict with Israel

Nasser reigned until his death in 1970 and was succeeded as Egyptian President by Anwar Sadat. This marks the beginning of contemporary Egypt, which in this context is defined by boring modern politics I don't feel like talking about

And that's all for now Hopefully someone somewhere learned a thing or two, or maybe a dramatard will angrily correct something I got wrong. Either works for me

I might do more emote driven history tours if anyone's interested. Brazil might be next cos capybaras are from Brazil geddit? Would this be interesting? Should there be more emotes and less words? Lemme know

The original post: Petition to remove posts that show Nazi's in a positive light. E.G. "My grandfather fought in the German Army in the 1930s" posts, which always devolve into Nazi apologism, and similar posts. It's time to stop this kind of garbage from being accepted here.

Some of the reactions and arguments:

>I never really see posts like that example you have. Sure, there are Nazi posts sometimes, but they are almost always explaining what is going on the in the picture, not supporting it or anything like that

>Standing ovations for ukranian who fought with nazi. OOTL. What's up with everyone hating on Prime Minister Trudeau? https://i.imgur.com/a/rhg4Imq https://old.reddit.com/r/OutOfTheLoop/comments/1hqhcd8/comment/m4rvhne/?context=8 https://old.reddit.com/r/OutOfTheLoop/comments/1hqhcd8/comment/m4ryddo/?context=8

>That's not this sub. It is implied that he's referring to posts on this sub.

>It's implied they referring to pro Hitler supporters. "That's not this sub. It is implied that he's referring to posts on this sub" deflection lol

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>Jesus people. Lets just ban every little thought that pops into your heads.

>[reply thread 1] Welcome to Reddit. The most deranged site on the internet.

>Not been to many sites?

>[reply thread 2] I know right it feels like the 100th petition post I've seen. It's an annoying new strain of bots.

>Anti Nazi bots > your Nazi sympathies

>Excuse me? Nobody ever speaks to me like that. I know you're a troll and that this is ragebait, but still. I can't believe you'd call me a foul thing over this. This behavior is disgusting, I hope you repent and self-reflect on this later.

>[another branch of thread 2] I think you're onto something there. My whole timeline has been an "anti-nazi" crusade. Bots seems likely.

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>Yes! Only through vigorous censorship can we defeat fascism!

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>Is saying, "Not every German soldier who fought in the Wehrmacht was a psychopathic Jew hater?" Nazi apologism? Should we also insist that every photo about Vietnam include a reference to My Lai?

>[thread 1] Yes. That is nazi apologism. If you actually wanted to talk about that, you'd post "this is x person who was drafted into the German military despite supporting the Jewish community". The "not all" argument is apologism and leads nowhere.

>Stating historical facts isn't apologism. I'd recommend reading up on the subject sometime, but people like you who are incapable of studying history without getting personally involved are the most likely to fall into dangerous ideologies like Nazism.

>I'm literally in the field of historical preservation, hence I know importance of wording when it comes to interpretation.

>[thread 2] Glorification and normalization of Nazi's should not be your goal, bud.

>I don't wish to glorify the Nazis, and I don't see anything in my original comment that suggests I wish to glorify the Nazis. I am a man who loves men; the Nazis would have killed me. That said, I think it's illogical to suggest that every single German man of that generation was a psychopath or that every single Russian man of that generation was a male feminist.

>Brain rot has convinced people that if you don't strap up every morning to prepared to stomp Nazis, that means you are one.

>Brain rot has caused people to forget that our grandfathers and great grandfathers were heros for stomping Nazis. The whole nation stood behind them and because of that we defeated the mass death, suffering and destruction that the Nazis brought with them. People need to be afraid of Nazi ideas again. You cannot cede them one single inch. The problem with Nazi apologism in even its mildest form of wanting to appear impartial, is that it convinces people that "they were just like us" means that it couldn't have been that bad instead of "holy frick we need to be careful."

>[another branch of thread 2] People didn't have to be psychopaths, or agree with every nazi position to either be a nazi or to help the nazis. Most evil in the world is committed by ordinary people.

>If they'd won, we would all be Nazis and be committing evil. Everyone seems to have this delusion that they would be one of the few resistance hero's but statistically, the majority would either be fervent supporters of the agenda that had been successfully propagandised into actually agreeing, or the other group who did horrible things because they and their families lives would otherwise have been at risk. See also: Stanford Prison Experiment

>The Stanford Prison 'Experiment' has been repeatedly debunked.) But you're right, people do go along with evil shit. It's still no excuse, everyone in germany should have resisted it way before the nazis seized power. Nobody's grandfather or great grandfather in the Nazi Wehrmacht gets a pass just bc it was difficult and unpopular to resist. Everyone has an obligation to resist fascism regardless of how many people actually do it.

>"Difficult and unpopular" = you're definitely going to die and your family is also probably going to die. Understatement of the year. I admire those that resisted but I know I'd be in that third group. I don't think I'm alone and I don't think that makes me a bad person

>[another branch of thread 2] They didn't do that at all. With how die-hard you are about trying to erase Nazi history, it honestly seems like you're trying to run some sort of psyop to erase all posts about them so that it's easier for them to bounce back once nobody can recite what they did. Spreading knowledge of their existence isn't promoting or normalizing them, it's remembering them. And the horrors they committed are something we NEED to remember for the sake of humanity.

>[another branch of thread 2] Correction- If you don't say that you're prepared to stomp Nazis while impotently raging at the world from your computer

>At least we have principles, basement dwelling Nazi

>["Everyone I Don't Like Is Hitler" reaction image]

>CarolinaNaziCuck would literally be a better username

>He raged, impotently, from his computer…

>Awww poor Nazi getting sad

>Sad? No, not really. I do feel a bit bad for you, though. The world must be a sad, scary place when you think that everyone who doesn't think exactly the same as you is a Nazi.

>Awww poor Nazi getting more sad

>If you're going to troll, I'm sure you can do better than that. This is just lazy.

>Awwww poor nazi being disappointed now. Poor Nazi gonna tell me I'm on troll food stamps now 😂

>Come on, you can do better than that. If you're going to throw around insults, you need something much more cutting. So far, you've called me a Nazi, a cuck, and said that I'm sad and disappointed. I'm none of the first three, but if this is you trying to insult me, you're right on that last point. EDIT: I don't know why you edited your comment to add the Food Stamps bit. So far, I don't think that I've insulted you even once, except to say that you need to work on your trolling. Also, interesting that you would assume that that's the criticism I'd make.

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>Ya, probably a good idea. Just wait for them to consider it "censorship", though. How about this one? My grandfather was dragged into a war because Nazi Germany decided they wanted to commit genocide and violate the sovereignty of multiple countries. I'd rather not see photos celebrating the people who were shooting at him on behalf of the Nazis. I'm well aware that the Wehrmacht wasn't necessarily comprised of Nazis itself, but it was an arm of the Nazi Party, and did its bidding. I'm beyond certain there were good men in the Wehrmacht who had no choice but to serve and did in fact use their position to help people when they could, but again, it was a military doing the bidding of genocidal control freaks. The institution should not be celebrated, and I'm sorry to say, your grandfather's service in such an army should not be celebrated. I, too, would be sad if my grandfather fought and sacrificed for what he thought was right, only to find that he fought for a mass murdering dictatorship. I would remember him as my grandfather, but would never celebrate his service to any such organization. Ya, they had nice uniforms and did well for the first few years of the war. Beyond that, they were the sword and shield of Nazism.

>"Just wait for them to consider it 'censorship', though." Frick 'em. They're Nazis. Their opinion doesn't matter. EDIT: Imagine downmarseying a comment for saying Nazi opinions don't matter.

>[thread 1] Being interested in historical war photos doesn't make someone a Nazi.

>This is a disingenuous characterization of what's happening with Nazi apologism.

>But it's a perfect representation of what you're suggesting with this ludicrous post. You don't understand Nazi apologism, you're an internet vigilante trying to burn every book (post) that proves that they existed. Stop trying to help Nazis come back by erasing public knowledge of them.

>[thread 2] I'm not defending the Nazis, frick em, but not every solider that fought for the Wehrmacht was a complete Nazi psychopath. Some were forced in and didn't want to make a fuss about it or else they'd look suspicious and probably be killed. There were a lot psychotic Nazis in the Wehrmacht, but not every single one were like. A good example is the Battle of Castle Itter, when it was the ending hours of WWII and some Wehrmacht soldiers teamed up with U.S soldiers and attacked the SS that was up in the castle with POWs.

>Can you guess where stuff like this leads you? People taking it and running with is until it's apologist shit. That's why you don't allow it.

>I'm not a Nazi sympathizer at all, I am literally just saying what happened in the past. It's literally true that Wehrmacht soldiers fought with the Americans to kill the SS and free the POWs in the castle and some just served because they were forced and had no choice. It's history and it happened whether you liked it or not. I'm not a fricking Nazi sympathizer

>I know you aren't. Truly, I get that. But once you make an exception for something, while legitimate, it just attracts the actual nazis. Maybe I'm wrong. It's totally possible. But I don't think so. Honestly, I really didn't think you were a nazi sympathizer.

>That is true, those people can definitely chime in

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>Someone saw an out of context picture of Elon

>[thread 1] Although I disagree with op, here's context [gif of Elon Musk]

>Where's the sound? He literally says he's throwing his heart out to you.

>If I say "i love before" before punching a stranger in the eye, does that change the gesture? The man is 53 years old, so stop wiping his butt like he's a kid. Everyone else on the planet has managed not to do this, I watched it live, and that shit shocked the frick out of me as someone who has defended Elon for the past decade

>Everyone on the planet? There's pictures of practically everyone caught "saluting". You're just looking for something to relate them to Nazis.

>No. Not a picture. A video, a very clear 4k video of him doing the salute multiple times. If you want to carry water for nazis, instead of just acknowledging your own two eyes, then I don't know what to say. The man is again, 53yrs old and has made his decisio

>International audience here. It's a horrific look. The republican's that are defending him by saying its a Roman salute OR its throwing his heart out are pathetic. After all, it can't be both. Better yet. A particular German dictator in the 40's also did his salute by "throwing his heart out" as well. Go look at footage of him doing it.

>What's crazy is you think I give a shit about outside opinion.

>I love their self awareness

>[thread 2] Yea, they should definitely watch the video where he turns around and does a nazi salute to the flag lol

>Like this? [gif of Hitler and Elon doing similar gestures]

>No. His hand is flat against his chest, grabbing at his heart.

>So now it's not "pound your chest" because you realize that's exactly what he did. You can literally hear the pound of his hand against his chest as he did it live.

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>I mean history is a serious academic discipline after all. Not at all written by the victors - it's objective!

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>I agree. As a Pole can we also refer to them as what they were Germans. Luftwaffe, Wechmacht all committed atrocities and not all were members of Nazi party. Do you refer to the Brits during the war as Conservatives

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>Agreed! Jews deserve to feel safe and heard! 🇮🇱🇮🇱🇮🇱

>[thread 1] 🖕🏽🇮🇱

>[thread 2] [Comment deleted by user]

>No, unless you agree with Elon?

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>This sub is mostly Nazis or sympathizers so this will probably not happen

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>I petition that you remove posts that falsely accuse people of being nazis first.

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>HATERS GONNA HATE… sounds about right….

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>Ideological purity is often at odds with the truth.

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>Lmao but I'm sure you have no problem showing communists in a positive light huh?

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>Why is anyone for banning any speech I don't get it! Do you think the Constitutional Right of free speech is for popular speech that everyone loves? No it's for unpopular speech that everyone hates! Speech is just speech words shouldn't mean that much to anyone!

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>with this sort of sensitivity I'd assume any portrayal of them you'd see as a positive portrayal and an attack on yourself. Nazis will be portrayed, they existed. Though not in a positive light.

Edit: added some more recent comments

https://old.reddit.com/r/SubredditDrama/comments/1i7tsvo/an_rrarehistoricalphotos_user_asks_others_to_stop/

MY LAST TWITTER RAMPAGE WAS 90% JEW PROOF

— ye (@kanyewest) February 17, 2025

!r-slurs !Jews !goyim !chuds

Let's be honest, it went to shit like two years ago.

Like it's carrying a butcher knife AND a bear trap? C'mon man

Video Games Can't Afford to Look This Good

The gaming industry spent billions pursuing the idea that customers wanted realistic graphics. Did executives misread the market?

By Zachary Small

Dec. 26, 2024

One way to understand the video game industry's current crisis is by looking closely at Spider-Man's spandex.

For decades, companies like Sony and Microsoft have bet that realistic graphics were the key to attracting bigger audiences. By investing in technology, they have elevated flat pixelated worlds into experiences that often feel like stepping into a movie.

Designers of last year's Marvel's Spider-Man 2 used the processing power of the PlayStation 5 so Peter Parker's outfits would be rendered with realistic textures and skyscraper windows could reflect rays of sunlight.

That level of detail did not come cheap.

Insomniac Games, which is owned by Sony, spent about $300 million to develop Spider-Man 2, according to leaked documents, more than triple the budget of the first game in the series, which was released five years earlier. Chasing Hollywood realism requires Hollywood budgets, and even though Spider-Man 2 sold more than 11 million copies, several members of Insomniac lost their jobs when Sony announced 900 layoffs in February.

Cinematic games are getting so expensive and time-consuming to make that the video game industry has started to acknowledge that investing in graphics is providing diminished financial returns.

"It's very clear that high-fidelity visuals are only moving the needle for a vocal class of g*mers in their 40s and 50s," said Jacob Navok, a former executive at Square Enix who left that studio, known for the Final Fantasy series, in 2016 to start his own media company. "But what does my 7-year-old son play? Minecraft. Roblox. Fortnite."

Joost van Dreunen, a market analyst and professor at New York University, said it was clear what younger generations value in their video games: "Playing is an excuse for hanging out with other people."

When millions are happy to play old games with outdated graphics — including Roblox (2006), Minecraft (2009) and Fortnite (2017) — it creates challenges for studios that make blockbuster single-player titles. The industry's audience has slightly shrunk for the first time in decades. Studios are rapidly closing and sweeping layoffs have affected more than 20,000 employees in the past two years, including more than 2,500 Microsoft workers.

Many video game developers built their careers during an era that glorified graphical fidelity. They marveled at a scene from The Last of Us: Part II in which Ellie, the protagonist, removes a shirt over her head to reveal bruises and scrapes on her back without any technical glitches.

But a few years later, costly graphical upgrades are often barely noticeable.

When the studio Naughty Dog released a remastered version of The Last of Us: Part II this year, light bounced off lakes and puddles with a more realistic shimmer. In a November ad for the PlayStation 5 Pro, an enhanced version of the Sony console that retails for almost $700, the billboards in Spider-Man 2's Manhattan featured crisper letters.

Optimizing cinematic games for a narrow group of consumers who have spent hundreds of dollars on a console or computer may no longer make financial sense. Studios are increasingly prioritizing games with basic graphics that can be played on the smartphones already in everyone's pocket.

"They essentially run on toasters," said Matthew Ball, an entrepreneur and video game analyst, talking about games like Roblox and League of Legends. "The developers aren't chasing graphics but the social connections that players have built over time."

Going Hollywood

Developers had long taught players to equate realism with excellence, but this new toaster generation of g*mers is upsetting industry orthodoxies. The developer behind Animal Well, which received extensive praise this year, said the game's file size was smaller than many of the screenshots used to promote it.

A company like Nintendo was once the exception that proved the rule, telling its audiences over the past 40 years that graphics were not a priority.

That strategy had shown weaknesses through the 1990s and 2000s, when the Nintendo 64 and GameCube had weaker visuals and sold fewer copies than Sony consoles. But now the tables have turned. Industry figures joke about how a cartoony game like Luigi's Mansion 3 on the Nintendo Switch considerably outsells gorgeous cinematic narratives on the PlayStation 5 like Final Fantasy VII Rebirth.

Real @ 1:24

People really been camped out for literal days only to end up with nothing lmao (Chiraq got 0 HAHAH), this is gonna cause so much seethe about scalperchads

https://old.reddit.com/r/SubredditDrama/comments/1id6xzy/are_the_people_waiting_in_line_outside_of/

check these subs for more

https://old.reddit.com/r/Microcenter/

https://old.reddit.com/r/nvidia/

https://old.reddit.com/r/pcmasterrace/

Bestbuy online drop was sold out within 1 minute